It is vital that all university students, especially Freshers, study and learn how to calculate their CGPA upon release of each semester’s result and to also make up the cumulative at the end of every session. Doing this will help you evaluate your academic performance from time to time and improve.
On this page you’ll discover details about how to calculate your 1st & 2nd Semester CGPA
What is GPA?
Grade Point Average
The GPA, or Grade Point Average, is a number that indicates how high you scored in your courses on average. Using a scale from 1.0 to 4.0, your GPA tracks your progress during your studies.
What is CGPA?
Below is an example on how to calculate your CGPA
The New Grading System Table
| Percentage Scores | Letter Grades | Points | Rating/Remark |
| 70 – 100 | A | 5 | Excellent |
| 60 – 69 | B | 4 | Very Good |
| 50 – 59 | C | 3 | Good |
| *45 – 49 | D | 2 | Pass |
| 0 – 44 | F | 0 | Fail |
*45% is now the new minimum pass score. So therefore the minimum passing grade for all courses, including electives and General Studies shall be ‘D’. However all examples here will be based on the new change (benchmark).
The Grade Point Average
At the end of each semester, a student’s grade point average is worked out using the above grading system. Supposing the student offers the following courses in his/her first semester:
| Course code | Title of Course | Credit Unit |
| GSP 101 | The Use of English I | 2 |
| GSP 111 | Use of Library | 2 |
| GSP 105 | Natural Science I | 2 |
| GSP 201 | Social Sciences I | 2 |
| COS 101 | Introduction to Computer Science | 2 |
| STA 131 | Inference I | 2 |
| MTH 221 | Real Analysis I | 3 |
| Total Credit Units | 15 |
Assuming that the student obtains C, A, D, A, D, B and C respectively in the courses, corresponding to the following grade points respectively 3, 5, 2, 5, 2, 4, and . Use the new grading system, the total point of each of the courses will be worked out as follows:
The credit unit of each course is multiply with the grade point corresponding to the letter grade of the course in concerned i.e. Total Point of a course = credit unit of the course times Grade point of the course, and do the same for all other courses thus:
First Semester GPA Calculation Table
| Course Code | Credit Unit | Letter Grade | Points Grade | Credit x Points | Total Points |
| GSP 101 | 2 | C | 3 | 2 x 3 | 6 |
| GSP 111 | 2 | A | 5 | 2 x 5 | 10 |
| GSP 105 | 2 | D | 2 | 2 x 2 | 4 |
| GSP 201 | 2 | A | 5 | 2 x 5 | 10 |
| COS 101 | 2 | D | 2 | 2 x 2 | 4 |
| STA 131 | 2 | B | 4 | 2 x 4 | 8 |
| MTH 221 | 3 | C | 3 | 3 x 3 | 9 |
| Total Points | 51 |
To calculate the grade point average, the total number of points, 51, is divided by the total number of credit units 15. Noting that, there is no room for approximation in calculation of GPA thus;
First Semester GPA = Total points/Total Credit Units = 51/15 = 3.4
Second Semester GPA Calculation
Supposing the student offers the following courses in his/her second semester:
| Course code | Title of Course | Credit Unit |
| CHM 112 | Basic Principles of Physical Chemistry | 2 |
| GSP 208 | Humanities II | 2 |
| GSP 106 | Natural Science II | 2 |
| GSP 202 | Social Sciences II | 2 |
| BIO 152 | General Biology II | 3 |
| PHY 196 | Practical Physical III | 2 |
| GLG 142 | Earth’s History | 3 |
| Total Credit Units | 16 |
And the student obtains the following grades A, A, C, F, D, D and B on the courses respectively. Then the students second semester GPA will be shown on the table below.
| Course Code | Credit Unit | Letter Grade | Points Grade | Credit x Points | Total Points |
| CHM 112 | 2 | A | 5 | 2 x 5 | 10 |
| GSP 208 | 2 | A | 5 | 2 x 5 | 10 |
| GSP 106 | 2 | C | 3 | 2 x 3 | 6 |
| GSP 202 | 2 | F | 0 | 2 x 0 | 0 |
| BIO 152 | 3 | D | 2 | 3 x 2 | 6 |
| PHY 196 | 2 | D | 2 | 2 x 2 | 4 |
| GLG 142 | 3 | B | 4 | 3 x 4 | 12 |
| Total Points | 48 |
Second Semester GPA = Total points/Total Credit Units = 48/16 = 3.0 = 3.0.
A cumulative grade point average (CGPA) is the sum of first semester and second semester GPA divide by two (2); that is the two semesters, which is the total number of semester in a particular year of study. Thus the student’s first year GPA is calculated as follows:
First Year:
CGPA = First semester GPA + Second semester GPA / 2 = (3.4 + 3.0)/2 = 6.4 / 2 = 3.2.
First Year CGPA = 3.2 (2nd Class Honours Lower (2/2)).
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Polytechnics Grading System
The calculation of GPA in Nigeria polytechnics follows the same method with that of Nigerian Universities. However Nigerian polytechnics make use of the following grading system in calculation of GPA and the awarding of Ordinary National Diploma (OND) and Higher National Diploma (HND):
Polytechnics Grading System Table
| Mark (%) | Letter Grade | Grade Point | FINAL CGPA | Class of Degrees |
| 100 – 80 | A | 4.00 | 3.50 – 4.00 | Distinction |
| 79 – 70 | AB | 3.50 | 3.00 – 3.49 | Upper Credit |
| 69 – 60 | B | 3.00 | 2.50 – 2.99 | Lower Credit |
| 59 – 50 | BC | 2.50 | 2.00 – 2.49 | Pass |
| 49 – 40 | C | 2.00 | 0.00 – 1.99 | Fail |
| 39 – 0 | E | 00.00 |
First Semester OND1 GPA Calculation:
In the polytechnic if a student offers the following courses and obtains a score that corresponds to the following letter grades that lead to the distribution on the tables below. Bearing in mind that we don’t approximate GPA then such student will calculate his/her GPA as follows:
| Course Code | Credit Unit | Letter Grade | Points Grade | Credit x Points | Total Points |
| GSP 101 | 2 | C | 2.00 | 2 x 2.00 | 4.00 |
| GSP 111 | 2 | A | 4.00 | 2 x 4.00 | 8.00 |
| GSP 105 | 2 | C | 2.00 | 2 x 2.00 | 4.00 |
| GSP 201 | 2 | AB | 3.50 | 2 x 3.50 | 6.50 |
| COS 101 | 2 | BC | 2.50 | 2 x 2.50 | 4.50 |
| STA 131 | 2 | B | 3.00 | 2 x 3.00 | 6.00 |
| MTH 221 | 3 | C | 2.00 | 3 x 2.00 | 6.00 |
| Total Credit Units | 15 | Total Points | 39.00 |
First Semester OND1:
GPA = Total points/Total Credit Units = 39.00/15 = 2.6.
Therefore his/her first semester ND1 GPA = 2.6.
First Semester OND1 GPA Calculation/Computation Table:
| Course Code | Credit Unit | Letter Grade | Points Grade | Credit x Points | Total Points |
| CHM 112 | 2 | A | 4.00 | 2 x 4.00 | 8.00 |
| GSP 208 | 2 | E | 0.00 | 2 x 0.00 | 0.00 |
| GSP 106 | 2 | C | 2.00 | 2 x 2.00 | 4.00 |
| GSP 202 | 2 | C | 2.00 | 2 x 2.00 | 4.00 |
| BIO 152 | 3 | B | 3.00 | 3 x 3.00 | 9.00 |
| PHY 196 | 2 | BC | 2.50 | 2 x 2.50 | 4.50 |
| GLG 142 | 3 | C | 2.00 | 3 x 2.00 | 6.00 |
| Total Credit Units | 16 | Total Points | 35.5 |
Second Semester GPA = Total points/Total Credit Units = 35.50/16 = 2.21875= 2.21.
Therefore his/her second semester ND1 GPA = 2.21.
To calculate here cumulative grade point average (CGPA) for ND1 (first year), such student add his/her ND1 first semester and second semester GPA and divide the result so obtain by two (2), i.e. the number of semester.
Here is the working:
The student’s OND1 CGPA = (First Semester ND1 GPA + Second semester ND1 GPA) / 2 = (2.6 + 2.21) / 2.
CGPA = 4.81 / 2 = 2.405 = 2.40
The finale CGPA = (OND1 + OND2) / 2 = (2.40 + 3.45) / 2 = 5.85 / 2 = 2.925 = 2.92.
FCGPA = 2.92.
